Action-Oriented Approach - Version 1
MAIN TOPIC 1 - CONCEPTS AND THEORIES
Introduction
This main topic “Concepts and Theories” provides the information on effective language teaching and learning approaches which related to Action-Oriented Approach: Communicative Approach and Task-Based Approach in various forms such as Websites, slides, videos and PDF files. You will find the definition of these two approaches and how to apply them to your classroom. The Communicative Approach or Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is a good way to arouse the learners’ interest in language learning since it based on communicative language use and focuses on communicative competences rather than grammatical structures. In the CLT class, every student takes part in the activity and they are allowed to express their ideas and get some enlightenment from their peers in order to learn cooperatively. Through this approach, the real situations and circumstances that teachers design allow students to communicate and help students become more independent and self-motivated. The Task-Based Approach as known as Task-Based Learning (TBL) is considered as a branch of Communicative Language Teaching. TBL is also a learning method that focuses on the use of learning language and the task outcome. Task can be anything that learners can do in order to achieve a goal. The key characteristic of this method is to provide a wide opportunity for learners to use the language in the real world circumstances. TBL helps bring out the necessity of language education and it is suitable for all types of learners at any levels since the learning process is depending on individual learner. We can see that these two approaches indicate the richness and diversity of ways to study language. For the sub-topic "Learning Theories", two learning theories that are relevant to the approaches mentioned above will be presented here.
SUB-TOPIC 1: Communicative Approach
Website
My English Pages: MOHAMMED RHALMI – Communicative Language Teaching (The Communicative Approach) - September 2, 2009
The website explaining from concepts to theories, the author gave also the examples of application in teaching, as well as some merit and criticism on CLT.
URL: http://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/communicative-language-teaching-communicative-approach/
Slides
IN@Slideshare.net: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) by Professor Sergio Meza
CLT was presented here in details from backgrounds to approaches and theories, then the
application in teaching and learning including " Objectives, Syllabus, Types of Learning & Teaching Activities, Learner & Teacher roles, and Role of Instructional Materials.
URL: http://www.slideshare.net/sergemaister/communicative-language-teaching-15255081?related=1
IN@Slideshare.net: Jack C. Richards & Theodore S. Rodgers – Communicative Language Teaching
The slide was created to explain the background of the communicative approach. It also explains what communicative competence is with many references.
URL: http://www.slideshare.net/lilianamonserrat/communicative-language-teaching-2209921
IN@Slideshare.net: Joy Avelino – Communicative Language Teaching - May 15, 2012
The slide was created to explain the goal of Communicative Approach. Learner and teacher’s role, classroom activities, instructional materials, procedures, advantages and disadvantages of this approach were presented here in the slide.
URL: http://www.slideshare.net/JoyAvelino/communicative-language-teaching-12942898
Videos
YouTube.com: Simonfilm – Communicative Language Teaching - April 16, 2011
This video explains firstly what the Communicative Language Teaching is. It also explains what CTL emphasizes in.
URL: https://youtu.be/AazPkAD-65w
YouTube.com: Youssef Tamer – The Communicative Approach Basics
The short lecture on the basics of the Communicative Approach which the author goes through the definition of the Communicative Approach, its usefulness for learners, and the types of materials and activities that can be used within the framework of this approach, and some concrete suggested steps to use it in teaching and learning.
URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySrYYpZAsXE
PDF/ EBook
EduGAINS: Dr.Enrica Piccardo – From Communicative to Action-Oriented: A RESEARCH PATHWAYS
This document is designed to help professionals engaged in every level of language teaching providing an understanding of the foundational principles of the action-oriented approach proposed by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR).
URL: http://www.edugains.ca/resourcesFSL/PDF/CommunicativeToActionApproach/CommunicativeToActionOriented_AResearchPathway_English.pdf
Pearsonhighered.com: Klaus Brandl – Principles of Communicative Language Teaching and Task-Based Instruction. This eclectic approach has a solid theoretical foundation that is supported by empirical research data. The conceptual foundation in this book draws upon a plethora of theoretical and empirical research findings in second language acquisition, cognitive psychology and brain research, and puts forth those instructional practices that have been found to achieve the highest effects in language learning.
URL: http://www.pearsonhighered.com/samplechapter/0131579061.pdf
Cambridge.org: Jack C. Richards – Communicative Language Teaching Today
This document gives the details of backgrounds to Communicative Language Teaching. It provides CLT meaning, classroom activities in this teaching style and also the comparison with other approaches.
URL: http://www.cambridge.org/elt/teacher-support/pdf/Richards-Communicative-Language.pdf
